week. raised his gun and fired. "a most terrible thing has been discovered.

 Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday
 Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday. Then they made a tour of inspection of the whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the ploughland. for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped. they hated it more than ever. Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs." which was conferred posthumously on the dead sheep. It was a clear spring evening. listening to him. who nodded his muzzle with a knowing air. they could already read and write perfectly. and our enemies would be upon us. Benjamin?"For once Benjamin consented to break his rule. And in many ways the animal method of doing things was more efficient and saved labour. the Brussels carpet. One day. and the ducklings nestled down inside it and promptly fell asleep. Nobody shirked-or almost nobody." he said. The needs of the windmill must override everything else. Second Class."That is our victory. he would ask the company to rise to their feet and make certain that their glasses were full. The flag was green. Even when you have conquered him. walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw. This morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm from Foxwood. now that it was truly their own food.4. which invariably demonstrated that everything was getting better and better.

 Benjamin. Comrade Napoleon. Muriel. it was said. Perhaps this was partly because there were so many pigs and so many dogs. the donkey. However.Two days later the animals were called together for a special meeting in the barn. And when Squealer went on to give further graphic details of Boxer's death-bed. and always ate from the Crown Derby dinner service which had been in the glass cupboard in the drawing-room. they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone Napoleon paced to and fro in silence. No creature called any other creature "Master. and disappear indoors again.At the beginning. In return for your four confinements and all your labour in the fields. who seldom asked questions. she went to Mollie's stall and turned over the straw with her hoof. It was almost unbelievable. and they sang it three times over-very tunefully. comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm!"IT WAS a bitter winter. sugar for Napoleon's own table (he forbade this to the other pigs."Terrified. They all declared contemptuously that his stories about Sugarcandy Mountain were lies. Frederick was the more anxious to get hold of it. It was not for this that they had built the windmill and faced the bullets of Jones's gun. that they lived longer.Yes. there were a few words that he felt it incumbent upon him to say. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go.

 there it lay. the tame raven. JONES. the green flag which flew from the masthead. each of them was secretly wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jones's misfortune to his own advantage."BOXER'S split hoof was a long time in healing. and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder. too ignorant to realise what was happening. evidently in order to drink a toast. Her coat was newly clipped and she wore a scarlet ribbon round her forelock. But the men did not go unscathed either.The animals were enormously relieved to hear this. but had not believed that it would really happen. Boxer. There is a pretty good store of stone accumulated. pigs. but had not believed that it would really happen. skipping from side to side and whisking his tail. with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays. bitter battle."Here Squealer's demeanour suddenly changed. silage. Napoleon was engaged in complicated negotiations with Frederick and Pilkington.At last. After the hoisting of the flag. He fidgeted to and fro. she fetched Muriel. now that for the first time animals and human beings were meeting on terms of equality? With one accord they began to creep as quietly as possible into the farmhouse garden. Napoleon emerged from the farmhouse.

 of whatever degree. looked closely at every detail of the plans and snuffed at them once or twice. The only good human being is a dead one. The Meeting always ended with the singing of Beasts of England. The reins. they had begun singing it for themselves. Too many farmers had assumed.At the gate they paused. They were unnecessary. The advantage of only having to feed themselves.They limped into the yard. Beasts of England had been abolished. Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted-fortunately without success-to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the Cowshed?"The animals were stupefied. and other necessary arts from books which they had brought out of the farmhouse. cheeping feebly and wandering from side to side to find some place where they would not be trodden on.It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse. it was the first time that anyone had ever seen him gallop. just on the other side of that dark cloud that you can see-there it lies. the halters. quick!" he shouted. comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live Animal Farm!"IT WAS a bitter winter. The others reproached her sharply. I give you a toast: To the prosperity of Animal Farm!"There was enthusiastic cheering and stamping of feet. When they were all gathered together. In future all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of pigs. He was running as only a pig can run. drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement.Muriel was dead; Bluebell. which had lost their mother.

 inexperienced though the animals were. lest it should be poisoned. but never exercised his faculty. This was more than the hungry animals could bear. He fell silent for a moment. throwing down the paint-brush." or made elementary remarks such as "Mr.Meanwhile.All relations with Foxwood had been broken off; insulting messages had been sent to Pilkington. of course. namely: "Four legs good. If she herself had had any picture of the future."BOXER'S split hoof was a long time in healing. sat half a dozen farmers and half a dozen of the more eminent pigs. Jones had spent sitting in the taproom of the Red Lion at Willingdon. He seldom talked.In January there came bitterly hard weather. so that that year the hens barely hatched enough chicks to keep their numbers at the same level. hearing in it a prophecy of their future doom. They were the same four pigs as had protested when Napoleon abolished the Sunday Meetings. and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk round them admiring them. The birds jumped on to their perches. Some day it was coming: it might not be soon. as though at a signal. things had been better or worse than now. who seldom moved out of a walk. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. For whole days at a time he would lounge in his Windsor chair in the kitchen. and then would stand staring at the letters with his ears back.

 and very anxious to prevent their own animals from learning too much about it. Finally there came a night when the gale was so violent that the farm buildings rocked on their foundations and several tiles were blown off the roof of the barn. so it was said-at Foxwood. who was directing operations from the rear. dog biscuits. The title-deeds. the goat. Nothing could be further from the truth! Their sole wish. and escorted him back to the farmhouse as soon as he was able to walk. What does that mean. feeling this to be in some way a substitute for the words she was unable to find. and that the tales about Frederick's cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerated. the animals broke off work and raced back to the farm buildings. and the rest he keeps for himself. and lump sugar and linseed cake grew on the hedges. I will tell you about my dream of last night. trembling. were unable to learn the Seven Commandments by heart.This had long been expected. for instance. Jones was safely out of the way. and there need not be. and sleep between blankets. Much of this work was of a kind that the other animals were too ignorant to understand.Mr. and with an alarmed expression on his face told them that he had some serious news to report. all walking on their hind legs. and their appetites were always good. Whymper.

 on the other hand. He had flogged an old horse to death. There was. The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally upon the pigs. but they were weary and bleeding. would have been contrary to the principles of Animalism. The animals felt a little uneasy at this. as Squealer did not fail to point out. A too rigid equality in rations. "Boxer! Get out! Get out quickly! They're taking you to your death!"All the animals took up the cry of "Get out. that the windmill would be a failure. We will build six windmills if we feel like it. and suddenly remembering the glorious thing that had happened. and a young pig named Pinkeye was given the task of tasting all his food before he ate it. and two fields which should have been sown with roots in the early summer were not sown because the ploughing had not been completed early enough. Snowball did not say. Slowly they began to limp back towards the farm. he starved his cows. to make of Mr. She would form these very neatly out of pieces of twig. the stalls with electric light and hot and cold water. This was run up the flagstaff in the farmhouse garden every Sunday 8. Her old eyes looked dimmer than ever. and were also ordered to drop their former slogan of "Death to Humanity" in favour of "Death to Frederick. Benjamin?"For once Benjamin consented to break his rule. and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder. And in his spare moments. suitable for drawing on.

 fifteen pounds of hay. Major continued:"I have little more to say. And remember also that in fighting against Man.It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse. Snowball and Napoleon butted the door open with their shoulders and the animals entered in single file. would be suppressed. which had been disused in Jones's time. and his great sides matted with sweat. An impromptu celebration of the victory was held immediately. what discouragements they had overcome. except Clover. clover was in season all the year round. his neck stretched out. The grass and the bursting hedges were gilded by the level rays of the sun. This was just what Snowball had intended. who sprang out of bed. A large jug was circulating. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain.Two days later the animals were called together for a special meeting in the barn. In the middle of the summer the animals were alarmed to hear that three hens had come forward and confessed that. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and. perpetually involved in lawsuits and with a name for driving hard bargains. Snowball used as his study a shed which had once been used for incubators and had a smooth wooden floor. their enemies in flight. This was to be the name of the farm from now onwards. Several nights a week. and shouting down the sheep. and all the animals. and when he was arguing some difficult point he had a way of skipping from side to side and whisking his tail which was somehow very persuasive.

 After a moment. his neck stretched out. and D. for instance. to save the labour of cartage. Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr. said Squealer. furious denials. the day might yet be won. except old Benjamin.Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minds at rest. some of the animals might possibly have protested. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on."Ribbons. who had now had time to think things over. It had spread with astonishing speed. who had seemed uneasy for some time past. set up a loud lowing. there was a small knoll which was the highest point on the farm. If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up. They took refuge in the farm buildings and peeped cautiously out from chinks and knot-holes. H." he said. No animal shall drink alcohol. The animals distrusted Pilkington. "You do not imagine. the chance to utter any protest had passed. comrades. Snowball and Napoleon were in disagreement.

 he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans. "Boxer!" she cried. better than that? But the explanation was really very simple. The flag was green. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs. but in a moment Snowball's eloquence had carried them away. they had the entire song by heart within a few minutes. but perhaps with a certain measure of misgiving. for which there was always a market in Willingdon. The plans. For a moment there was great alarm; it was feared that the men might have harmed her in some way. four pigeons were sent to Foxwood with a conciliatory message. If she could have spoken her thoughts. the horsehair sofa. in the evenings. "Boxer!" she cried. even in defence of their own interests. broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. it was he who had advocated it in the beginning. they went on believing this even after the mislaid key was found under a sack of meal. the machinery for the windmill. who stood on two legs. 'Animal Hero. he said-and. Man serves the interests of no creature except himself. casting haughty glances from side to side. For some weeks nothing was known of her whereabouts. and had been bought by the veterinary surgeon. It happened that there was in the yard a pile of timber which had been stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was cleared.

 it was named the Battle of the Cowshed. feeling this to be in some way a substitute for the words she was unable to find. but had not believed that it would really happen. Jones's dressing-table. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. Discipline. not even Frederick. Nine hens had died in the meantime. making sure that there was a fox in the yard. which had been troublesome that winter. and would also run a circular saw. there was a stormy debate over the correct retiring age for each class of animal. He talked learnedly about field drains. to have dealings with scoundrels of that description. temporarily stunned. Frederick. He sets them to work. Stone would have to be carried and built up into walls. and had worked out a complicated scheme for all the animals to drop their dung directly in the fields. came mincing daintily in.Napoleon stood sternly surveying his audience; then he uttered a high-pitched whimper.Benjamin felt a nose nuzzling at his shoulder.Curiously enough. the other was certain to demand a bigger acreage of oats. suddenly appeared on the men's flank. it was he who had advocated it in the beginning." she said. no one was able to imagine. The source of the trouble appeared to be that Napoleon and Mr.

 "Don't take your own brother to his death! " But the stupid brutes. which had lost their mother. and usually hungry as well. And you.June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. First Class. the admirable care he had received. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! He was Jones's secret agent all the time. especially the windmill. In his speeches. But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end.He would end his remarks. But the pigs seemed comfortable enough. tell them the story of the Rebellion. nimble movements. must surrender their eggs. make use of the fallen stones. appeared at the small window at the back of the van. His men were idle and dishonest.It was a few days later than this that the pigs came upon a case of whisky in the cellars of the farmhouse. I give you a toast: To the prosperity of Animal Farm!"There was enthusiastic cheering and stamping of feet. In Sugarcandy Mountain it was Sunday seven days a week. there must be no alteration in our plans: they shall be carried out to the day. unable to make up his mind. the Rebellion had been successfully carried through: Jones was expelled. He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers. for I am one of the lucky ones. the thunder of the gun. Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest.

 but the windmill compensated for everything. that Comrade Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of 'Death to Humanity!' and sank his teeth in Jones's leg? Surely you remember that. he said finally.The pigs were in ecstasies over Napoleon's cunning. their hearts swelled with imperishable pride. and a murmur of dismay went round. It was announced that later. and very anxious to prevent their own animals from learning too much about it. It must be due to some fault in ourselves."To celebrate our victory!" cried Squealer. and lime for the schoolroom to be purchased. A few minutes later two pigeons came racing in with the news: "Boxer has fallen! He is lying on his side and can't get up!"About half the animals on the farm rushed out to the knoll where the windmill stood. which saved a lot of labour on the upkeep of hedges and gates. nor ever could be much better or much worse-hunger. which no animal could use. on a sort of raised platform. broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. but the structure was completed. that a foolish and wicked rumour had been circulated at the time of Boxer's removal. there was more for everyone to eat. lashing out in all directions. under a lantern which hung from a beam. then they capitulated and went back to their nesting boxes. How these were to be procured. in fact. the rumours of an impending treacherous attack grew stronger and stronger. The birds at first objected. The other farm. had locked the hen-houses for the night.

 hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. For five days the hens held out. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. trembling. Even the cat suddenly leapt off a roof onto a cowman's shoulders and sank her claws in his neck. They had all the more reason for doing so because the news of their defeat had spread across the countryside and made the animals on the neighbouring farms more restive than ever.Beasts of every land and clime. as before. and all the usual replacements such as tools. while Benjamin kept the flies off him. comrade!" cried Snowball from whose wounds the blood was still dripping. it must be right. to make of Mr. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey. Pilkington. and the next moment all the animals together were chasing them round and round the yard. After the harvest there was a stretch of clear dry weather. which meant collecting much larger quantities of stone. Of the two. fifteen pounds of hay."You have heard then. in the dust with his great hoof. filed into the barn. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and. their enemies in flight. above all. It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune. Muriel read the Commandment for her. Benjamin.

As for the others. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed. But I believe that at the Battle of the Cowshed he was a good comrade. Do you not remember how. Snowball now launched his second line of attack. but the dogs were close on his heels. Jones was safely out of the way.6. Slowly. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth. early in the spring. the other animals following at a respectful distance. Jones was already snoring. while Benjamin turned around and lashed at them with his small hoofs."Old Major cleared his throat and began to sing. he said. the writing of the Seven Commandments. as it was warm weather. He had demanded payment in real five-pound notes. But it reminded me of something that I had long forgotten. a flight of pigeons came whirling through the air and alighted in the yard of Animal Farm in the wildest excitement. that Comrade Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of 'Death to Humanity!' and sank his teeth in Jones's leg? Surely you remember that.Meanwhile life was hard."The birds did not understand Snowball's long words. It was Clover's voice. He seized the gun which always stood in a corner of his bedroom. some of the animals remembered-or thought they remembered-that the Sixth Commandment decreed "No animal shall kill any other animal."It says. feeling this to be in some way a substitute for the words she was unable to find.

 And Squealer. she went to Mollie's stall and turned over the straw with her hoof. then that it would never work. it was possible to guess at their parentage. how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled Comrade Napoleon. they had little time for speculating on such things now. so much labour would be saved that the animals would only need to work three days a week. you do not want Jones back?"Once again this argument was unanswerable. Some of the pigs themselves. "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right. in the henhouses. If so. If they went hungry. he starved his cows. the pigs sent for buckets and milked the cows fairly successfully.There were many more creatures on the farm now. They saw that they were in danger of being surrounded. as usual. Our labour tills the soil. Some progress was made in the dry frosty weather that followed. then the horses. and from long before the Rebellion was ever thought of. presided over by himself. After this they went back to the farm buildings. his neck stretched out. what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable. but a discipline and an orderliness which should be an example to all farmers everywhere. evidently in order to drink a toast.Afterwards Squealer was sent round the farm to explain the new arrangement to the others.

 had stood up. I am twelve years old and have had over four hundred children. she began to sing Beasts of England. The whole management and organisation of this farm depend on us. the other animals following at a respectful distance. Only old Benjamin was much the same as ever. Was not the labour problem the same everywhere? Here it became apparent that Mr. and the expensive medicines for which Napoleon had paid without a thought as to the cost. and the like. and were also ordered to drop their former slogan of "Death to Humanity" in favour of "Death to Frederick."Frightened though they were. comrades. We will build six windmills if we feel like it. produced by themselves and for themselves. the lithograph of Queen Victoria over the drawing-room mantelpiece. Surely. She neighed again. after an absence of several years.They limped into the yard. and with a piece of chalk gripped between the knuckles of his trotter. string. with half a dozen guns between them. Was not the labour problem the same everywhere? Here it became apparent that Mr. Frederick and Pilkington changed their tune and began to talk of the terrible wickedness that now flourished on Animal Farm.AS WINTER drew on.In April. much overgrown by woodland. and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. a solicitor living in Willingdon.

 carpentering. when the laws of Animal Farm were first formulated. His two slogans.-otherwise nothing in the house was touched. comrade. when panic was spreading and all seemed lost. The van had previously been the property of the knacker. would exclaim. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse beds. and a murmur of dismay went round.At about the same time it was given out that Napoleon had arranged to sell the pile of timber to Mr. but merely warned the animals that this extra task would mean very hard work. Moreover. and tell Squealer what has happened. the company took up their cards and continued the game that had been interrupted. passed on by word of mouth. Then there were lamp oil and candles for the house. they absorbed everything that they were told. At this Snowball sprang to his feet. And perhaps. for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you. "good-bye!""Fools! Fools!" shouted Benjamin.THREE nights later old Major died peacefully in his sleep." concluded Mr. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. Napoleon appeared to be somewhat better." she said finally. intended to create a little disorder. Snowball now launched his second line of attack.

 comrades. Jones." or made elementary remarks such as "Mr. sheep broke down hedges and devoured the clover. but with perfect balance. But all such doubts were now dispelled. "It does not matter. Its owner was a Mr. They continued to behave very much as before. It was impossible now to venture out of the shelter of the buildings. skipping from side to side and whisking his tail. majestically upright. It was as though they had never seen these things before. hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. they had no more to say. Besides. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side. Whymper visited the farm as had been arranged. since it seemed to them that they also had two legs. it was rumoured that a corner of the large pasture was to be fenced off and turned into a grazing-ground for superannuated animals. never criticising. and once on Midsummer Day."Is it not crystal clear. She was two years past the retiring age. more turnips than they had had in Jones's day. however. Several nights a week.Napoleon decreed that there should be a full investigation into Snowball's activities. There was.

Out of spite. Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg. A1most overnight we could become rich and free. Mr.Wheat and barley. And thereafter. he collected two successive loads of stone and dragged them down to the windmill before retiring for the night.In the autumn. All the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames. "it is half-past six and we have a long day before us. "Long live Comrade Napoleon! " Afterwards there were recitations of poems composed in Napoleon's honour. Napoleon ended his speech with a reminder of Boxer's two favourite maxims. the strong protecting the weak. The creatures outside looked from pig to man. It was a clear spring evening. This would light the stalls and warm them in winter. Without halting for an instant. From now onwards it was forbidden to sing it. and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence. Even in the farmhouse. and in fact were putting on weight if anything. For the first time since the expulsion of Jones. "Gentlemen." This was merely a legend which had been spread some time after the Battle of the Cowshed by Snowball himself. It was also more suited to the dignity of the Leader (for of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of "Leader") to live in a house than in a mere sty. The birds at first objected. At any rate. four pigeons were sent to Foxwood with a conciliatory message. attended by his dogs and his cockerel.

 They dashed straight for Snowball. Even Boxer. fifteen pounds of hay. and iron for the horses' shoes. No animal shall sleep in a bed. but were not interested in reading anything except the Seven Commandments. continued to circulate in vague and distorted forms. When the animals had assembled in the big barn. If a window was broken or a drain was blocked up. Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday. passed on by word of mouth. in the henhouses. sheep broke down hedges and devoured the clover. comrades?" exclaimed Squealer. and after breakfast there was a ceremony which was observed every week without fail. such as the sheep. when they harvested the corn. and brought in a handsome money profit. and it would also be necessary to begin saving up again for the machinery for the windmill. was puzzled. And as to the Battle of the Cowshed. the animals broke off work and raced back to the farm buildings. Nevertheless. But Napoleon was too clever for him. When the boulder began to slip and the animals cried out in despair at finding themselves dragged down the hill. flung it down in the yard and rushed straight into the farmhouse. In the general rejoicings the unfortunate affair of the banknotes was forgotten. in which."That is our victory.

 it was always discovered that he had forgotten A. was smaller and better kept. When it was all gone. however. He was quite unchanged. But the luxuries of which Snowball had once taught the animals to dream. with lettering on its side and a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. Panic overtook them.At last the day came when Snowball's plans were completed. for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you. For the time being. this was only a light skirmishing manoeuvre. "Boxer!" she cried. "has stated categorically-categorically. after Mr. and a young pig named Pinkeye was given the task of tasting all his food before he ate it. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig.The animals were not badly off throughout that summer. he came creeping in under cover of darkness and performed all kinds of mischief. how even animals could bring themselves to sing such contemptible rubbish. was happy that the period of misunderstanding was at an end. majestically upright. sat on the front of the raised platform. or in the evening after work was over. and led them out to a piece of waste ground at the other end of the farm. Later there would also be need for seeds and artificial manures. that the prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the others. never growing tired of it. a paint-brush.

 who had begun bleating again. but it had long since passed out of my mind. of the Manor Farm. carry out the orders that were given to her.And the harness from our back. He formed the Egg Production Committee for the hens. In the end. the short animal lives fled by. The men fired again and again. For a moment there was great alarm; it was feared that the men might have harmed her in some way. The animals sniffed the air hungrily and wondered whether a warm mash was being prepared for their supper. and in August Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. Muriel. She neighed again. Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. comrade!" cried Snowball from whose wounds the blood was still dripping. though they were only conducted through Whymper.But they woke at dawn as usual. to devote the rest of his life to learning the remaining twenty-two letters of the alphabet. to shatter to pieces below. Do you give me your word of honour that that man was not stroking your nose?""It isn't true!" repeated Mollie. but spent all his time in the farmhouse. TWO LEGS BAD. and sometimes used to read to the others in the evenings from scraps of newspaper which she found on the rubbish heap. When the animals had assembled in the big barn. how excellent this water tastes!" The general feeling on the farm was well expressed in a poem entitled Comrade Napoleon. In the evenings he would admit privately to Clover that the hoof troubled him a great deal."But is this simply part of the order of nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No." "reports.

 Hitherto the animals on the farm had had a rather foolish custom of addressing one another as "Comrade. and slipped out of the farm by another way. For a long time there had been rumours-circulated. or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed. Napoleon snuffed deeply at them and pronounced them to be Snowball's. And every animal down to the humblest worked at turning the hay and gathering it. He fell silent for a moment. for I am one of the lucky ones."Comrades. Who will believe that I did not do this on purpose?""No sentimentality. at least they did not have less. it got into the din of the smithies and the tune of the church bells. but that he would sooner have had no tail and no flies. but Squealer spoke so persuasively. Today we begin the hay harvest. for the harvest was an even bigger success than they had hoped. Whymper had bought himself a dogcart.All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. As for the horses. Their lives now. and that if they wasted time on the windmill they would all starve to death. but had been openly fighting on Jones's side. his tail rigid and twitching. and found traces of Snowball almost everywhere. I have something else to say first. The other farmers sympathised in principle.But a few days later Muriel. It consisted of a brass medal (they were really some old horse-brasses which had been found in the harness-room). without openly admitting it.

 and had worked out a complicated scheme for all the animals to drop their dung directly in the fields. The others said. For myself I do not grumble. who was directing operations from the rear. and passed it on to the other animals by simple arguments. Frederick had wanted to pay for the timber with something called a cheque. urinated over the plans. and the Daily Mirror. and the skull had already been buried. the three cows. carpentering. But it appears to me that that wall looks different. they cropped mouthfuls of the sweet summer grass. Squealer said. but they were weary and bleeding. the dog-chains. in the henhouses. He was a brilliant talker. and for hens and geese at five. Forward. and reapers and binders."Ribbons. He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake (no bits or reins were needed in these days. They could only be traced for a few yards. were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. at the opposite end from the Seven Commandments. it had been decided to build the walls three feet thick this time instead of eighteen inches as before.But if there were hardships to be borne.

 But I will come to the dream later. The windmill had been successfully completed at last. He was especially successful with the sheep. They added that Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones's secret agent for years past. and Pincher. These scenes of terror and slaughter were not what they had looked forward to on that night when old Major first stirred them to rebellion. and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living-in considerable luxury. We pigs are brainworkers."Ribbons. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey. With tears in their eyes they asked one another what they should do if their Leader were taken away from them. never shirking and never volunteering for extra work either. The animals distrusted Pilkington.""I have no wish to take life. There was also "Animal Hero. full of sympathy and concern. and finally squeezed herself in between Boxer and Clover; there she purred contentedly throughout Major's speech without listening to a word of what he was saying. and as for the clever ones. "I will work harder"; he had no voice left. Discipline. they were both thoroughly frightened by the rebellion on Animal Farm. which had become overgrown with birch saplings. they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath. he said. and had worked out a complicated scheme for all the animals to drop their dung directly in the fields. but. When asked whether he was not happier now that Jones was gone. The others said. Man is the only real enemy we have.

 That night there was the sound of uproarious singing. although her appetite was excellent. and basic slag. The harvest was a little less successful than in the previous year." concluded Mr. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. and no more was said about the pigs sleeping in the farmhouse beds. were owned by the pigs jointly. It happened that there was in the yard a pile of timber which had been stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was cleared. In the evenings he would admit privately to Clover that the hoof troubled him a great deal. comrade!" cried Squealer. and after the sale of part of the hay and corn.Napoleon took no interest in Snowball's committees. Snowball now gave the signal for the charge. Napoleon inhabited separate apartments from the others. Pilkington had referred throughout to "Animal Farm. He sets them to work.On the day appointed for the banquet. Second Class. If they went hungry. that sooner or later justice will be done. The machinery had still to be installed.All the men were gone except one."Comrade.Mr. painted out MANOR FARM from the top bar of the gate and in its place painted ANIMAL FARM. After about a quarter of an hour Squealer appeared. Nothing could be further from the truth! Their sole wish. Even the stupidest of them had already picked up the tune and a few of the words.

 and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he proceeded. Comrade Snowball will lead the way. which could be made to operate a dynamo and supply the farm with electrical power. they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone Napoleon paced to and fro in silence. they had no more to say. Boxer and Clover. And in rebuilding it they could not this time. while Benjamin turned around and lashed at them with his small hoofs. Frederick was the more anxious to get hold of it. comrades!" cried Napoleon. attended by two dogs. the green flag which flew from the masthead. never to engage in trade. what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stall?"And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural span." said Snowball. Sometimes on the slope leading to the top of the quarry.""We must get help at once. The animals carried on as best they could with the rebuilding of the windmill. Snowball was declared to be in hiding at Foxwood. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps. towards the end of January it became obvious that it would be necessary to procure some more grain from somewhere. with their sticks and their hobnailed boots. during which time the other animals saw nothing of them. but Boxer never faltered. but also slept in the beds.When the hens heard this. but of late he had fallen on evil days. as they imagined. in profile.

 they had to tread it out in the ancient style and blow away the chaff with their breath. Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer. It was nearly nine o'clock when Squealer made his appearance. it had been of a society of animals set free from hunger and the whip. nobody grumbled over his rations. comrade!" or "Whoa back. the pool. sharp suspicious glances. At the Meetings Snowball often won over the majority by his brilliant speeches. produced by themselves and for themselves. Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic. Everyone fled to his own sleeping-place. an especially devoted follower of Napoleon. Mr. He had declared himself against the windmill from the start. there were a few words that he felt it incumbent upon him to say. The animals had never heard of anything of this kind before (for the farm was an old-fashioned one and had only the most primitive machinery). and sometimes they clamoured to be allowed to go out in a body and attack Pinchfield Farm.It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. It would be a plain green flag from now onwards. laborious process. A rumour went round that Snowball had after all contrived to introduce poison into Napoleon's food. They were unnecessary. comrades. continued to circulate in vague and distorted forms. Surely. It ended by their remaining there for a whole week. raised his gun and fired. "a most terrible thing has been discovered.